Autoschizis .COM

"Autoschizis is a novel type of cell death characterized by exaggerated membrane damage and the progressive loss of cytoplasm through a series of self-excisions. These self-excisions typically continue until the perikaryon consists of an apparently intact, round nucleus surrounded by a thin rim of cytoplasm that contains damaged organelles. During the process of cell death by autoschizis, nucleoplasms initially become more chromatic and then progressively lose chromaticity as their size decreases. Concomitant with this diminution in cell size, the nuclei become smaller and contain large nucleoli, which become round and compact. Therefore, before it dies, the size of the resultant autoschizic cell is much smaller than the tumor cell from which it originated".

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History

Autoschizis was observed as a new form of cell death in  a study aimed to characterize the cytotoxic effects of vitamin C (VitC), Vitamin K3 (VitK3) or a VitC:VK3 combination on a human bladder carcinoma cell line (T24) following 1-h and 2-h vitamin treatment.

Reference: Cancer cell necrosis by autoschizis: synergism of antitumor activity of vitamin C: vitamin K3 on human bladder carcinoma T24 cells. Gilloteaux J, Jamison JM, Arnold D, Ervin E, Eckroat L, Docherty JJ, Neal D, Summers JL. Scanning. 1998 Nov;20(8):564-75.

History of autoschizis

1993

First observation of a novel form cell death

1998

The term "autoschizis" was coined because of the tendency of the cells to cut themselves into small pieces

Reference: Cancer cell necrosis by autoschizis: synergism of antitumor activity of vitamin C: vitamin K3 on human bladder carcinoma T24 cells. Gilloteaux J, Jamison JM, Arnold D, Ervin E, Eckroat L, Docherty JJ, Neal D, Summers JL. Scanning. 1998 Nov;20(8):564-75.

2001

Characterization of the Ultrastructural aspects of autoschizis.

Reference:  Ultrastructural aspects of autoschizis: a new cancer cell death induced by the synergistic action of ascorbate/menadione on human bladder carcinoma cells. Gilloteaux J, Jamison JM, Arnold D, Taper HS, Summers JL. Ultrastruct Pathol. 2001 May-Jun;25(3):183-92.

2004

Autoschizis i following ascorbate:menadione treatment in human ovarian carcinoma cells.

Reference: Autoschizis: a new form of cell death for human ovarian carcinoma cells following ascorbate:menadione treatment. Nuclear and DNA degradation. Gilloteaux J, Jamison JM, Lorimer HE, Jarjoura D, Taper HS, Calderon PB, Neal DR, Summers JL. Tissue Cell. 2004 Jun;36(3):197-209.

2004

Orally administered vitamin C and K₃ significantly inhibited the metastases of T.L.T. tumors in C3H mice. At least a portion of this inhibition was due to tumor cell death by autoschizis.

Reference: Inhibition of the development of metastases by dietary vitamin C:K3 combination. Taper HS, Jamison JM, Gilloteaux J, Summers JL, Calderon PB. Life Sci. 2004 Jul 9;75(8):955-67.

Reference: Cell death by autoschizis in TRAMP prostate carcinoma cells as a result of treatment by ascorbate: menadione combination. Gilloteaux J, Jamison JM, Neal DR, Summers JL. Ultrastruct Pathol. 2005 May-Aug;29(3-4):221-35.

Autoschizis in T24 human bladder carcinoma cell line after ascorbate:menadione (VC:VK(3)) treatments.

Reference:

Morphology and DNA degeneration during autoschizic cell death in bladder carcinoma T24 cells induced by ascorbate and menadione treatment. Gilloteaux J, Jamison JM, Arnold D, Neal DR, Summers JL. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol. 2006 Jan;288(1):58-83.

Reference: Incubation with DNase I inhibits tumor cell proliferation. Alcázar-Leyva S, Cerón E, Masso F, Montaño LF, Gorocica P, Alvarado-Vásquez N. Med Sci Monit. 2009 Feb;15(2):CR51-55.